Evidence topic
These reviews report what a compound's human record contains, measured rather than characterized. An absence is stated only where a search was run, described, and dated; a count is printed only with the denominator it came from.
Several of the answers here are zero, and the zeros are the finding. A compound sold on a mechanism described in rodents is a compound whose human record a reader is entitled to see counted.
41 reviews · page 2 of 4
Does elamipretide improve fatigue and exercise capacity?
A 218-person trial in primary mitochondrial myopathy found no improvement in walking distance or fatigue; encouraging Barth syndrome extension results came from a different disease and an uncontrolled phase.
Does kisspeptin-10 treat low testosterone?
Small studies show hormone stimulation in healthy men, but they do not establish symptom improvement or treatment benefit in men with clinical hypogonadism.
Can setmelanotide trial results predict general weight loss?
No. The cited trials enrolled people with specific rare disorders, and their response rates cannot be applied to ordinary obesity or compared directly with unrelated weight-loss trials.
Does BPC-157 work when taken by mouth or as a nasal spray, and how do those forms compare with injection?
That is not known, because no published study has measured how much BPC-157 reaches the bloodstream when it is swallowed or sprayed into the nose, in people or in any animal, and none has compared either route with injection. The claim that it survives stomach acid comes from its originators' own reviews; the one oral trial in people, registered in 2015, has posted no results; and PubMed holds no study of nasal BPC-157 at all. The form does not change its legal position: as of September 2026 no pharmacy may lawfully compound it in any form.
What are the side effects of BPC-157, and what is actually known about its safety?
No controlled human study has measured the side effects of BPC-157, so no reliable list of them exists. Three uncontrolled reports from one clinic, covering 30 people, recorded no adverse events; FDA's stated concerns are immune reactions and impurities; and the cancer question is a theory drawn from animal biology, not an observation in people.
What is known about CJC-1295 taken with ipamorelin?
No study has tested the two together. CJC-1295's human record is two small hormone studies in healthy adults and a phase 2 trial stopped without results; ipamorelin's is a pharmacokinetic study and a postoperative trial that missed its endpoint; and neither molecule has a lawful compounding route in the United States.
What are the GLOW and KLOW peptide blends, and has either been tested in people?
Neither blend is an approved drug, and no human trial has tested either combination. Injectable GHK-Cu has no lawful compounding route, BPC-157, TB-500 and KPV await FDA action after an advisory vote, and none of the four has a published controlled trial as an injection.
Which incretin drugs are approved, which are still in trials, and which of them are peptides?
As of September 2026, five of the incretin drugs tracked here are FDA-approved: semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide and, since April 1, 2026, the orforglipron tablet sold as Foundayo. Retatrutide, CagriSema, zenagamtide (amycretin), survodutide and mazdutide remain investigational in the United States. All are peptides except orforglipron, a small molecule, and dulaglutide, a much larger fusion protein.
How do Semax and Selank differ, and what is the evidence and legal status of each?
They share an origin and a gap. Both are short synthetic peptides developed in Russia, and every trial-type record for either one was published in Russian; Semax was studied in stroke and nerve disease, Selank in anxiety. Neither is approved or lawfully compoundable in the United States as of September 2026, though a federal advisory panel voted in July 2026 to recommend Semax for the compounding list and did not vote on Selank.
How do sermorelin and tesamorelin differ?
They share a mechanism and little else. Both are GHRH analogs that make the pituitary release its own growth hormone, but tesamorelin is the full 44-amino-acid hormone with an added hexenoyl group, licensed as a biologic for abdominal fat in HIV and barred from compounding, while sermorelin is the hormone's first 29 amino acids, a withdrawn approval with an old trial record that 503A pharmacies compound today.
What side effects does the tesamorelin label record?
Joint pain, injection site reactions, pain in the arms or legs, swelling and muscle pain are the most common, measured in 543 adults with HIV who took tesamorelin in placebo-controlled trials; the label adds warnings on glucose intolerance, raised IGF-1, fluid retention, allergic reactions and existing cancer, and none of its figures describe use outside that population.
What is the Wolverine stack, and has BPC-157 with TB-500 been tested in people?
No trial has tested the pair. The Wolverine stack is a marketplace name for BPC-157 used together with TB-500; the only human data on the combination are four patients in one uncontrolled chart review, a rat study found no added benefit from combining them, neither peptide may be lawfully compounded while FDA acts on a July 2026 advisory vote, and both are prohibited in sport.
A review argues from the ledger; the ledger itself is published as reference tables, and every molecule’s dated posture is in the molecule index. Terms of art are defined in the glossary.